Sunday, August 02, 2020

Week 31 in Telecoms, Internet, Media

EARNINGS
  • KPN: 20Q2
    • cumulativ cost savings since 190101 EUR 213m, maintains target YE 2021: EUR 350m
    • maintains outlook 2020, outlook 2021 uncertain; plans interim div 4.3 c./share 200804
    • plans new reporting: new Consumer rev break-down (convergence, BB-only, postpaid-only, legacy/non-SR), new KPIs (HH replacing RGUs, to add ARPA (address)), Business end-to-end adj EBITDA AL
    • mobile site modernisation targets: FTTS to 95%, backhaul 10 Gb/s, 5G-ready, 6-8 frequency bands, 4x4 MIMO (or higher), 1 antenna, 3 site configurations
  • Orange: 20Q2
  • Telefonica: 20Q2
  • Telefonica Deutschland: 20Q2
  • BT: 20/21Q1
  • Proximus: 20Q2
  • Telenet: 20Q2
  • Telekom Slovenije: 20Q2
  • Altice Europe: 20Q2
  • MasMovil: 20Q2
  • Equinix: 20Q2
  • Digital Realty: 20Q2
  • Eutelsat: 19/20Q4 
  • Google: 20Q2
  • Amazon: 20Q2
  • Facebook: 20Q2
  • Pinterest: 20Q2
  • Spotify: 20Q2
  • Vivendi: 20Q2
  • ProSieben: 20Q2
  • Omnicom: 20Q2
  • Interpublic: 20Q2


CORPORATE


NETWORKS - FIXED

Fiber
  • Telefonica: Proposes Digital Deal for Spain
    • GDP impact 1.8% per annum until 2025
    • slogan "A Digital Deal to build back better our societies and economies"
    • 100% FTTP coverage by 2025, to lead in 5G
    • 5 priorities: 1. Boosting digitalisation for a more sustainable society & economy; 2. Addressing inequalities by investing in digital skills & adapting the welfare state; 3. Building inclusive & sustainable connectivity; 4. Ensuring fair competition by modernising the fiscal, regulatory & competition frameworks; 5. Improving trust through ethical & responsible use of technology.
  • Telefonica Deutschland
  • TIM
    • Rumor: gvt IT wants single OA NBN from TIM network merger with Open Fiber, majority-owned by TIM, open for outside investors
    • Reuters: KKR offers EUR 1.8b for 38% in access network (FiberCorp), CDP (gvt; currently 10% of TIM) to also take stake, Fastweb (Swisscom; currently 20% in JV FlashFiber with TIM) 4.4%; KKR, Macquarie, Wren interested in Open Fiber
    • TIM confirms KKR offer, to discuss 200804
  • Proximus
    • Targets 4.2m FTTP premises by end 2028 (= 70% coverage)
    • partners with Delta Fiber (= EQT) for Flanders (1.5m premises) via JV
    • partners with Eurofiber (= Antin) for Wallonia (0.5m premises) via JV
  • Community Fibre
    • plans FTTP in London, target 1m premises by 2023
    • Warburg Pincus & DTCP acquire controlling stake (other: Amber Infrastructure, RPMI Railpen)
    • appoints Olaf Swantee (formerly Sunrise, EE) Exec Chair
    • Consumers max 1 Gb/s (average 920/920 Mb/s) for 50 GBP/mo, Businesses 1 Gb/s for 300 GBP/mo, max 10 Gb/s for 500 GBP/mo
  • Fore Freedom to reuse abandoned fuel ducts form Dpt of Defence
Other


NETWORKS - WIRELESS

5G
Other
  • SKT starts 2G switch-off
  • SpaceX to raise $1b at $44b valuation
  • Amazon: FCC approves Project Kuiper: 3236 satellites (at 590-630 km: LEO), 50% to be operational by 260730, 100% by 290730; >$10b; 5 phases, to activate after 578 satellites; for rural BB, 4G/5G backhaul; to use 10-14 GHz, 17-20 GHz and 27-30 GHz bands


SERVICES

Video
Telecoms
  • BT launches Halo (FMC) for small businesses: Superfast Fibre Broadband, Digital Phone Line, Unlimited 4G SIM for 43 GBP/mo
  • Shaw launches sub-brand Shaw Mobile: free unlimited voice/text for BB subs, unlimited data 45 CAD/mo (throttling after 25 GB)
  • 1&1 Drillisch partners with Deutsche Post: physical mail notification (photo) 1 day before delievry for GMX.de and Web.de subs (34m)


REGULATORY

Spectrum, other
Platforms
  • Google
  • Amazon: ILSR report on 3rd-Party Sellers business in 2019: average fee 30% (2014: 19%), net rev $60b, "Amazon’s high fees make it nearly impossible for sellers to sustain a profitable business. Most fail."; proposes regulation (non-discrimination & fair pricing) and structural separation (online marketplace, retail division, logistics operation etc into separate companies)
  • Facebook
    • Established AI Red Team to hack own AI
    • Sues EU for seeking access to too much irrelevant documents in antitrust investigation - Court suspends EU request awaiting EC ruling
    • Blocks 12 accounts of Brazil President Bolsonaro supporters, complying with Supreme Court over fake news, after being fined for only blocking in Brazil [see 200625]; to appeal as regards it a threat to freedom of speech
  • Twitter
  • Snap: Diversity report 2019: 6.8% of employees Latinx, 4.1% black
  • Apple
  • General
    • India bans 47 more Chinese apps, considers to ban 275 more
    • NTIA (= Dpt of Commerce) orders platform regulation from FCC governing liability for content
    • US Congress (House Judiciary's Antitrust subcommittee) antitrust hearing 200729 of CEOs Apple (Tim Cook; App Store), Google (Sundar Pichai; search, ads, Android), Facebook (Mark Zuckerberg; ads, acquisitions, AI use, misinformation), Amazon (Jeff Bezos; 3-rd party sellers, copy services from companies that it invests in); statements from Amazon (size benefits consumers, sellers & the economy, faces plenty of competition from Walmart, Instacart, Shopify), Apple (not dominant in any market), Facebook (more work to do in combating disinformation and voter suppression), Google (helps small businesses thrive; plenty of competition in information from Amazon, Twitter, Snapchat, WhatsApp, online advertising costs dropped 40% over 10 years) - Jeff Bezos: "social media is a nuance-destruction machine"
    • Turkey establishes Digital Platforms Commission; to guard violation of laws, personal rights, fundamental rights, freedoms, privacy
    • ACCC Draft news media and digital platforms mandatory bargaining code: orders platforms (Google, Facebook) to negotiate (in good faith) payments to media outlets for news snippets (on Google News, Search, Discover) from 210101 or risk infringement penalty (max 10% of Australian rev); with arbitration process: independent arbitrator (Australian Communications and Media Authority) to choose which of the two parties’ final offer is most reasonable (within 45 business days); platforms to give notice (28 days) of algorithm changes; platforms to provide usage data (time spent on article, number of articles read etc) - Google disappointed - Consultation August 2020, final order shortly after; code to be reviewed after 1 yr

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Sunday, July 26, 2020

Week 30 in Telecoms, Internet, Media

CORPORATE
Main: tower IPOs planned (Telxius, Vantage), eBay sells classifieds.

Proximus
Sewan launches MVNO on Proximus, to launch end 2020 as light MVNO for B2B (unified comms)    
Telefonica
Rumor: considers Telxius IPO for 2021; KKR holds 40%, Amancio Ortega 10%
Colombia to sell its 32.5% stake in Coltel (Telefonica Colombia)

Telekom Austria
Sells stake in FL1 (Telecom Liechtenstein)     

Vodafone
Plans IPO of Vantage Towers (88k sites in 9 countries Europe: DE, ES, GR, PT, CZRO, HU, IE; merger with Wind Hellas, Inwit stake (33.2%, IT) & Cornerstone (JV with Telefonica in ES) to be included) in Frankfurt early 2021; 2020 pro forma     

Eir
May lose >EUR 125m in cumulative rev if Comreg lowers wholesale rates for leasing to NBN

QSC
Acquires Incloud (IT, cloud & web solutions) 200731     

Cellnex
Edizione to reduce stake by 3.4 pp     

RTL
SpotX invests in SpringServe (ad serving platform for OTT & CTV)     

Alphabet/Google
Google Search delays mobile-first indexing to March 2021

Amazon
SMB Impact Report 2020: >2m independent sellers, authors, content creators, delivery providers, developers, IT solution providers in US; average income $160k (2019: $100k)
Amazon IT to add 1600 jobs in 2020 (to 8500 in 25 offices)
Plans 10 new fulfillment centers in India; to offer auto insurance in India
Plans fulfillment center in Mt Juliet (Tenn), to open late 2021: 855 ft^2, 1k FTE
Rivian plans e-van deliveries from early 2021 (10k by 2022, all 100k by 2030) (R1T pick-up truck, R1S SUV from June 2021); Rivian sued by Tesla over stealing trade secrets via former employees (total 178 o/w 70 directly)

Microsoft
LinkedIn Cuts 960 jobs (6%) due to corona virus slowdown in hiring

EBay
Sells eBay Classifieds Group (Mobile.de, Gumtree, Marktplaats, dba, Bilbasen, Kijiji, 2dehands, 2ememain, Vivanuncios, Automobile.it, Motors.co.uk, Autotrader (Australia), Carsguide (Australia), eBay Kleinanzeigen) to Adevinta, $9.2b (based on closing prices 200717) in cash ($2.5b) & stock (540m shares = 44%, 33.3% of votes); annual synergies: $150-185m after 3 yr; to close 21Q1; Schibsted (majority) to vote in favor, Blommenholm Industrier (6.3%) to vote in favor; Schibsted to acquire eBay Classifieds' Danish entity (DBA.dk, Bilbasen.dk) after closing


EARNINGS
Main: Vodafone.
  • Vodafone 20/21Q1 trading update
  • Gamma Communications 20Q2 trading statement
  • TalkTalk 20/21Q1
  • Euskaltel 20Q2     
  • Crnogorksi Telekom 20Q2     
  • Hrvatski Telekom 20Q2
  • NENT Group 20Q2; Viaplay to expand to >15 new countries in ~5 yr     
  • Twitter 20Q2; plans complementary (to ads business) subscription service 20H2
  • Snap 20Q2
  • Microsoft 19/20Q4


5G
Main: Globe Telecom and Telekom Slovenije launch 5G.


VIDEO
Main: Google Fiber terminates TV Nashville, Sky closes OTT-TV Spain, Locast expands.


OTHER SERVICES
Main: IoT launches by Telekom and Inmarsat, Cyfrowy Polsat resells solar.


REGULATORY
Main: auction NL ends.

Termination
Broadband
Spectrum
  • Multiband auction NL (700 available directly 703-733 paired with 758-788, 1400 available directly, 1452-1492; 2100 available from early 2021 as ectension from existing licenses, 1920-1980 paired with 2110-2170; all valid 20 yr until 401231); total 26 blocks) NL ends (started 200629, reserve price total EUR 914.668m), raises EUR 1.231717947b, licenses to be delivered within 10 days; coverage obligations: 98% of each muni, average 100 Mb/s; KPN EUR 415.8m ("satisfied", "reasonable price relative to reserve price"; total 75 MHz; 2x10 in 700 band for 158m for 5G; 3x5 in 1400 band for 95m for 4G & 5G; 4x10 in 2100 band for 163m for 4G & 5G), VZ EUR 415.763924m ("zeer tevreden"; reaches 80% pops coverage with 5G in 1800 band, peak speed 650 Mb/s; 2x10 in 700 band158m; 3x5 in 1400 band 95m; 2x20 in 2100 band 163m), T-Mobile NL EUR 400m ("zeer tevreden"; plans swift 5G launch, as soon as licenses received; "starting prices were too high"; 2x10 in 700 band for 5G 158m; 2x5 in 1400 band 77m; 2x10 in 2100 band 163); 3.5 GHz band auction early 2022; AT requires EMV limit of 28 V/m; all bids to be published by 200728 - 26 GHz auction uncertain (3250 MHz, currently for microwave backhaul)
  • Multiband auction LU ended 200718 (38 rounds), raises EUR 41.3m, duration 15 yr, coverage requirement nationwide by 2025: Post LU 110 MHz (2x10 in 700), Orange LU 110 MHz (2x10 in 700), Proximus (Tango, Telindus) 100 MHz (2x10 in 700), Luxembourg Online 10 MHz (in 3.6 band), Eltrona no licenses
  • FCC (US) starts PAL (3550-3650 MHz) auction (CBRS, auction 105)
Platforms

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Wednesday, July 22, 2020

Multiband auction Netherlands 200629-200721 raises EUR 1,232 million

Total
  • 700 band available directly 703-733 paired with 758-788
  • 1400 band available directly, 1452-1492
  • 2100 band available from early 2021, 1920-1980 paired with 2110-2170
  • all valid 20 yr until 401231
  • total 26 blocks
  • reserve price total EUR 914.668m, raises EUR 1.231717947b
  • licenses to be delivered within 10 days
  • coverage obligations: 98% of each muni, average 100 Mb/s, AT requires EMV limit of 28 V/m
  • all bids to be published by 200728 at AT
  • 3.5 GHz band auction early 2022
By MNO
  • KPN EUR 415.8m
    • "satisfied", "reasonable price relative to reserve price"
    • total 75 MHz; 2x10 in 700 band for 158m for 5G; 3x5 in 1400 band for 95m for 4G & 5G; 2x20 in 2100 band for 163m for 4G & 5G
  • VodafoneZiggo EUR 415.763924m
    • "zeer tevreden"
    • 2x10 in 700 band; 3x5 in 1400 band; 2x20 in 2100 band
    • reaches 80% pops coverage with 5G in 1800 band, peak speed 650 Mb/s
  • T-Mobile NL EUR 400m
    • "zeer tevreden", "starting prices were too high"
    • plans swift 5G launch, as soon as licenses received
    • 2x10 in 700 band for 5G; 2x5 in 1400 band; 2x20 in 2100 band

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Saturday, July 18, 2020

Week 29 in Telecoms, Internet, Media

TECHNOLOGY

Samsung 6G white paper The Next Hyper-Connected Experience for All
  • targets earliest commercialization 2028, mass commercialization around 2030
  • advanced services: immersive extended reality (XR), high-fidelity mobile hologram, digital replica
  • 3 requirements:
    • 1. Performance (spectral efficiency 2x 5G, energy efficiency 2x 5G, connection density 10x 5G, peak data rate 1000 Gbps = 50x 5G, air latency <100 microseconds (μs) = 0.1x 5G)
    • 2. Architecture (resolve issues arising from limited computation capability of mobile devices, implement AI from initial phase of technology development, enable flexible integration of new network entities)
    • 3. Trustworthiness (address security & privacy issues arising from widespread use of user data & AI tech)
  • candidate technologies: Terahertz spectrum, novel antenna technologies to enhance coverage of high frequency band signals, advanced duplex technologies, evolution of network topology, spectrum sharing to increase efficiency of frequency utilization, use of AI in wireless comms

HARDWARE
  • Vodafone: Vodafone UK launches GPS tracker Curve, with WiFi, mobile, GBP 20 + 2 (24 mo contract) or 3 (12 mo contract) GBP/mo
  • Amazon: Launches Dash Cart: smart shopping cart for Amazon stores (not Amazon Go) for cashierless check-out
  • Facebook: Launches Hero robot: wraps fibre round power lines for fast deployment; first customer NetEquity Networks (non-exclusive, royalty-free licence)

SERVICES

Telecoms
Google
Amazon
  • AWS launches Amazon Interactive Video Service (Amazon IVS): managed service to set up live interactive video streams for web or mobile app; tech from Twitch; latency <3 sec; first customers: Blackboard, 17Live, DeNA's Pococha, ScreenCloud
  • Launches Amazon Influencer Program streaming on Amazon Live [see 170331, 190207]
  • Launches Breakthrough: developing artist program (video & audio content, global marketing support, custom merch stores on Amazon.com, increased visibility across Amazon Music’s playlists & programming, high-profile Amazon Original tracks available only on Amazon Music, support for the artists’ Twitch channels etc); first candidates: Gabby Barrett (country), Kiana Ledé (R&B), JAY1 (rap), Arlo Parks (rap), Provinz (folk pop), Malik Harris.(pop)
Facebook
Snap
Video
  • Netflix: Launches shuffle feature
  • Amazon: Amazon Prime Video adds live TV in DE (no extra cost): 38 channels from ARD/ZDF o/w 28 in HD
  • Comcast: Launches Peacock in US for non-subs, 3 tiers: Peacock Free, Peacock Premium (5 $/mo or 50 $/yr), Peacock Premium No Ads (10 $/mo or 100 $/yr), Comcast & Cox subs get 5 $/mo discount, max 3 simultaneous screen; free tier launches with 13k hr, Premium with 20k hr, live Premier League, US Open, Women's Open; 20 live channels at launch (target 75 after 1 yr); range of apps (excl Amazon, Roku)
  • RTL: Videoland (RTL NL) launches 3 tiers (same content): Basic (5 EUR/mo with ads, 1 screen, no download for offline viewing), Plus (8 EUR/mo no ads, 2 screens, downlaods), Premium (10 EUR/mo no ads, 4 screens, downloads); Premium equals current SVOD service
  • MultiChoice/Showmax: Expands to 40 countries in Africa
Music

NETWORKS

5G
FTTP
Satellite


CORPORATE

Proximus CTO interview
  • changed strategy to NetCo/ServCo-model, with wholesale
  • to add 400k FTTP homes/yr
  • 5G roll-out in Wallon on hold, current radiation limits precludes 5G launch in Brussels (Vlaanderen 20,58 V/m up to 900 MHz, 30,7V/m up to 10 GHz; Wallonia 3V/m per tech; Brussels 6V/m in total); 5G first for Private networks (Port of Antwerp) or slices; mmWave (26 GHz) to be of interest in ~5 yr
Infrastructure sales
  • Orange: Rumor: Orange PL considers selling max <50% of FTTH network
  • Telefonica: Rumor: to sell 12 more datacenters to Nablax (= Asterion), EUR 150m; considers buying stake in Nablax
  • Vodafone: Reuters: plans European towers IPO in Frankfurt, with UBS & Morgan Stanley; valuation EUR 12-16b to raise EUR 3-4b; includes Cornerstone Telecommunications Infrastructure Ltd (JV with Telefonica, towers in UK, ES, DE, Brazil) & Inwit stake (JV with TIM,towers in IT)
Divestments
  • Proximus: Rumor: to sell stake in BICS (Proximus 57.6%, Swisscom 22.4%, MTN 20%), acquirer to buy majority stake [see 1911249] - Confirms, Proximus to hold 49%
  • BT: Sells BT France to Computacenter
  • Open Fiber: Reuters: Wren House (= Kuwait’s sovereign wealth fund KIA) interested in Enel's 50% stake in Open Fiber
  • Sony: SME sells Syco stake to Simon Cowell
Acquisitions
Results
  • Netflix 20Q2;
    • outlook
      • 20H2: less subs growth; oper margin targets: 16% for 2020, 19% for 2021
      • launch plans 2020 largely intact, 2021 higher (weighted more to H2)
      • FCF 2020 break-even or positive (due to pause in production), 2021 negative (but better than 2019 peak of -$3.3b)
      • path to positibe FCF over next few years unchanged
      • cash content-to-content amortization ratio of 1x still many years away
      • need to raise debt diminishes (none expected for 20H2)
    • appoints Ted Sarandos (CCO) Co-CEO & Greg Peters (CPO) COO
    • viewing stats first 4 weeks
      • Never have I ever 40m
      • Space force 40m
      • Too hot to handle 51m
      • Floor is lava 37m
      • Da 5 bloods 27m
      • Extraction 99m
      • The wrong missy 59m
      • The Willoughbys 38m
      • La casa del papel (part 4) 65m
  • Telia: 20Q2
  • Telenor: 20Q2; cuts outlook
  • Tele2: 20Q2; reinstates FY guidance & extraordinary dividend proposal
Google/Alphabet
Amazon
  • Partners with Crossover Health (primary care services) to establish local health centers (20) near Amazon fulfillment centers & operations facilities US (5 cities), first in Dallas-Fort Worth area (pilot), next in Phoenix, Louisville, Detroit, San Bernardino-Moreno Valley area
  • Plans fulfillment center in Pflugerville (Texas), to open 2021; 1k FTE, 820k ft^2
  • Partners (through The Climate Pledge) with We Mean Business (global nonprofit coalition working with businesses to accelerate the transition to zero-carbon economy) to accelerate goals; Verizon, Reckitt Benckiser, Infosys, Oak View Group join The Climate Pledge     
Other:


REGULATORY

Spectrum
  • Anacom (PT) plans multiband auction Oct 2020
  • Multiband auction LU started 200713: 2x30 MHz in 700 band (reserve price 5.6m EUR/block of 2x10 MHz), 330 MHz in 3.6 GHz band (reserve price 0.3m EUR/block of 1x10 MHz), duration 15 yr; 5 bidders: Eltrona, Luxembourg Online, Orange Luxembourg, Post Luxembourg, Proximus Luxembourg
  • BIPT (BE) awards 5 temporary licenses from 200801 (until auction) for 3.6-3.8 GHz band for 5G (to be lanched by 210301) to Cegeka, Entropia, Orange, Proximus, Telenet; 40 MHz each, 400k EUR/yr each
Equipment/China
  • UK Gvt (DCMS Secretary) ban Huawei due to US sanctions: no new euipment after 201231, remove all 5G equipment by 2027, recommends removing Huawei from fiber networks; total cost GBP 2b, 5G delay 2-3 yr - Observer: ban partly for geopolitical reasons, could be revisited if POTUS Trump not reelected
  • Frontier Economics: Australian 5G deployment costs to rise by >AUD 2.1b; Oxford Economics: 5G rollout costs in Australia go up 30% as result of Huawe ban
Other telecoms
  • Free choice of modem: VodafoneZiggo rejects ACM's free CPE choice proposal
  • Regulation broadband and B2B: Orange Denounces ARCEP's (Chair Sébastien Soriano) criticism (Les Echos, 200707) of its strategy regarding FTTP (too slow), B2B market (share of small business market 63%, SME 62%)
Platforms general
  • Facebook and Twitter ban posts promoting conversion therapy
  • EU Platform to Business regulation (2019/1150, P2B Regulation) comes into effect: promots fairness & transparency for business users
  • US imposes 25% import tariff on selected French goods from 210106 in retaliation for digital sales tax FR
  • PrivacyAffairs: total 340 GDPR fines since launch 2018, total EUR 158m
  • ECJ sides with Max Schrems against Facebook: overturns Privacy Shield but not Standard Contractual Clauses (transfers based on individual agreements remain legal), blocks personal data transfers to US; Irish data regulator may suspend data transfers outside EU if recipient country does not provide sufficient privacy protection (a la GDPR)
  • Saugmandsgaard Øe (ECJ): platforms not liable for copyright infringment before EU's DSM is adopted in national law (210607 at teh latest)
  • Ofcom (UK) opens consultation until 200924 on regulation of video-sharing platforms (VSPs), asks for good practice, technical capabilities of VSP services, any issues & challenges to further its understanding of the sector & the risks of harm; plans guidance by summer 2021
  • EC starts inquiry into consumer IoT (incl voice assistants, smart home devices, wearables), providers could use control over user data to distort competition or otherwise close off these markets for competitors (restrictions of data access & interoperability, certain forms of self-preferencing, practices linked to the use of proprietary standards); to send out RfIs to market participants; plans prelim report spring 2021, final report summer 2022
  • Data transfer: ECJ sides with Apple & Ireland: no tax payment to Ireland required
Self-regulation
  • Google
  • Facebook
  • Twitter: hacking
    • Hackers access verified accounts by targeting employees with access to internal systems and tools; Twitter temporarily disabled verified accounts to tweet - Rumor: inside job, 'Chaewon' offered to change email address tied to any Twitter account - FBI starts investigation - ~130 accounts impacted    
    • Twitter update
      • social engineering: attackers successfully manipulated a small number of employees and used their credentials to access Twitter’s internal systems
      • 130 accounts targeted o/w 45 taken over (password reset, login to the account, send Tweets) o/w 8 account info downloaded incl privatye messages (non verified accounts; most accounts have been restored
      • attackers had no aaccess to previous passwords, e-mail addresses, phone numbers
      • "We’re acutely aware of our responsibilities to the people who use our service and to society more generally. We’re embarrassed, we’re disappointed, and more than anything, we’re sorry."


at 6:50 pm 0 comments
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Tuesday, July 14, 2020

Samsung's 6G vision: peak data rate 50x 5G's, latency 0.1x 5G's

See white paper The Next Hyper-Connected Experience for All.
  • Targets earliest commercialization 2028, mass commercialization around 2030.
  • Advanced services:
    • Immersive extended reality (XR)
    • High-fidelity mobile hologram
    • Digital replica
  • 3 Requirements:
    1. Performance: spectral efficiency 2x 5G, energy efficiency 2x 5G, connection density 10x 5G, peak data rate 1000 Gbps = 50x 5G, air latency <100 microseconds (μs) = 0.1x 5G
    2. Architecture: resolve issues arising from limited computation capability of mobile devices, implement AI from initial phase of technology development, enable flexible integration of new network entities
    3. Trustworthiness: address security & privacy issues arising from widespread use of user data & AI tech
  • Candidate technologies:
    • Terahertz spectrum
    • Novel antenna technologies to enhance coverage of high frequency band signals
    • Advanced duplex technologies
    • Evolution of network topology
    • Spectrum sharing to increase efficiency of frequency utilization
    • Use of AI in wireless comms

at 1:41 pm 0 comments
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