Why FWA is serious business in Denmark, but not in The Netherlands - Updated

• DK and NL have high levels of fiber.
• The 3.5 GHz band was auctioned in DK in 2021, NL will follow 2023.
• 3 Denmark (Hi3G DK) embarked on heavy investment in network desnification (see graph). They are now marketing FWA-over-5G as an alternative to fiber.
• MNOs in NL will refrain from this kind of investment: 1. VodafoneZiggo and T-Mobile NL are heavily leveraged, they need to pay large annual dividends and they will stay away from any serious market disruption, 2. In the mobile oligopoly, KPN also pays out large dividends and will not feel challenged.